Today, collaborative robots are rapidly expanding their applications across a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, service sectors, and Vertical Farm–based agriculture.In labor-intensive primary industries and manufacturing sites facing severe workforce shortages, the adoption of Agricultural Automation is accelerating. As a result, demand for robotic components such as sensors and end-effectors used alongside robots is also increasing. Among these components,

1. Types of Force Torque Sensors Force torque sensors are used in robotics to measure or control forces and torques in a 3D space....

Abstract Muscle strength assessments are vital in rehabilitation, orthopedics, and sports medicine. However, current methods used in...